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Honey - A Novel Antidiabetic Agent

Diabetes mellitus remains a burden worldwide in spite of the availability of numerous antidiabetic drugs. Honey is a natural substance produced by bees from nectar. Several evidence-based health...

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The Role of α-synuclein and Tau Hyperphosphorylation-Mediated Autophagy and...

Lead (Pb) is a well-known heavy metal in nature. Pb can cause pathophysiological changes in several organ systems including central nervous system. Especially, Pb can affect intelligence development...

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Association of CTLA4 Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility and Pathology...

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) gene is a key negative regulator of the T lymphocyte immune response. It has been found that CTLA4 +49A>G (rs231775), +6230G>A (rs3087243), and...

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Differentially Expressed Genes Distributed Over Chromosomes and Implicated in...

Release of genetically modified (GM) plants has sparked off intensive debates worldwide partly because of concerns about potential adverse unintended effects of GM plants to the agro system and the...

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Complexities of TGF-β Targeted Cancer Therapy

Many advanced tumors produce excessive amounts of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) which, in normal epithelial cells, is a potent growth inhibitor. However, in oncogenically activated cells, the...

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Structural and Functional Difference of Pheromone Binding Proteins in...

Pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., play an important role in olfaction. Here structures of PBPs were first built by Homology Modeling, and each model of PBPs had...

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CD133+EpCAM+ Phenotype Possesses More Characteristics of Tumor Initiating...

Background: EpCAM or CD133 has been used as the tumor initiating cells (TICs) marker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated whether cells expressing with both EpCAM and CD133 surface...

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Preservation of Fertility in Females Treated for Cancer

Advancements of diagnosis and treatment have substantially improved cancer survival rates in the last few decades. The increasing number of survivors focuses attention on long-term effects caused by...

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MicroRNA Expression Profile in RAW264.7 cells in Response to Brucella...

MicroRNA (miRNA) is small non-coding RNA with approximate 22 nt in length. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs play significant roles in pathogen-host interactions. Brucella organisms are...

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Does Augmentation with Alpha1-Antitrypsin Affect Neutrophil Extracellular...

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Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Bioinformatics Study on Yeast Aquaporin...

In the present study, an equilibrated system for the Aqy1 tetramer was developed, and molecular biophysics modeling showed that the Aqy1 channel was blocked by Tyr-31 in the N-terminus, which was also...

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Candidate chemosensory Genes in Female Antennae of the Noctuid Moth...

Chemical senses are crucial for all organisms to detect various environmental information. Different protein families, expressed in chemosensory organs, are involved in the detection of this...

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Spontaneous Transformation of Stem Cells In Vitro and the Issue of...

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In Reply to Torsvik et al. “Spontaneous Transformation of Stem Cells In Vitro...

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Protein Interactions on Telomeric Retrotransposons in Drosophila

Telomere length in Drosophila is maintained by targeted transposition of three non-LTR retrotransposons: HeT-A, TART and TAHRE (HTT), but understanding the regulation of this process is hindered by...

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TGF-β-Operated Growth Inhibition and Translineage Commitment into Smooth...

The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone. We previously demonstrated the ability of PDL fibroblast-like cells to construct an...

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Reduced Activity of Protein Kinase C in the Frontal Cortex of Subjects with...

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology. In some cases, typically developing children regress into clinical symptoms of autism, a condition known as regressive autism. Protein...

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Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel...

Insect β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidases with broad substrate-spectrum (IBS-Hex) are the homologues of human β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase A/B (HsHex A/ B). These enzymes are distributed in most insect...

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Molecular Characterization of an Ice Nucleation Protein Variant (InaQ) from...

The ice nucleation protein (INP) of Pseudomonas syringae has gained scientific interest not only because of its pathogenicity of foliar necroses but also for its wide range of potential applications,...

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Interferon-Gamma-Induced Nitric Oxide Inhibits the Proliferation of Murine...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains one of the most resistant tumors to systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Despite great progress in understanding the basic biology of RCC, the...

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Why Would Plant Species Become Extinct Locally If Growing Conditions Improve?

Two assumptions underlie current models of the geographical ranges of perennial plant species: 1. current ranges are in equilibrium with the prevailing climate, and 2. changes are attributable to...

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FOXC1 Contributes To Microvascular Invasion In Primary Hepatocellular...

The existence of microvascular invasion (MVI) formation is one of the most important risk factors predicting poor outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its mechanism remains largely unknown....

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Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Profiling of Plutella Xylostella Third Instar...

The larval midgut of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is a dynamic tissue that interfaces with a diverse array of physiological and toxicological processes, including nutrient digestion and...

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Insights on Foxn1 Biological Significance and Usages of the “Nude” Mouse in...

Mutation in the “nude” gene, i.e. the FoxN1 gene, induces a hairless phenotype and a rudimentary thymus gland in mice (nude mouse) and humans (T-cell related primary immunodeficiency). Conventional...

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High Level of COP1 Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Primary...

COP1 (constitutive photomorphogenic 1, also known as RFWD2) is a p53-targeting E3 ubiquitin ligase containing RING-finger, coiled-coil, and WD40-repeat domains. Recent studies have identified that...

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DLX4 Upregulates TWIST and Enhances Tumor Migration, Invasion and Metastasis

The distal-less homeobox gene 4 (DLX4) is a member of the DLX family of homeobox genes. Although absent from most normal adult tissues, DLX4 is widely expressed in leukemia, lung, breast, ovarian and...

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Hydrophobic Properties of tRNA with Varied Conformations Evaluated by an...

The surface properties of transfer RNA (tRNA) were analyzed using a poly(ethylene glycol)/dextran aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), where the surface net hydrophobicity (HFS) and the local...

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ACE/ACE2 Ratio and MMP-9 Activity as Potential Biomarkers in Tuberculous...

Objective: Pleural effusion is common problem, but the rapid and reliable diagnosis for specific pathogenic effusions are lacking. This study aimed to identify the diagnosis based on clinical...

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Tube-Like Structures with Co-Expression of D2-40 and CD34: Newly Formed...

Background: A great number of in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that many pathways or factors can stimulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which facilitate tumor progression and...

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Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Adult Intestinal Stem Cell Development:...

The adult mammalian intestine has long been used as a model to study adult stem cell function and tissue renewal as the intestinal epithelium is constantly undergoing self-renewal throughout adult...

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Special issue on Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

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Targeting Interleukin-6: All the Way to Treat Autoimmune and Inflammatory...

Interleukin (IL)-6, a cytokine featuring redundancy and pleiotropic activity, contributes to host defense against acute environmental stress, while dysregulated persistent IL-6 production has been...

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IL-6 Trans-Signaling via the Soluble IL-6 Receptor: Importance for the...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine with many activities. It has functions in the regulation of the immune system and the nervous system. Furthermore, IL-6 is involved in liver regeneration and in the...

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Interleukin-6 - A Key Regulator of Colorectal Cancer Development

Growing evidence proposes an important role for pro-inflammatory cytokines during tumor development. Several experimental and clinical studies have linked the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6)...

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Interleukin-6, a Major Cytokine in the Central Nervous System

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine originally identified almost 30 years ago as a B-cell differentiation factor, capable of inducing the maturation of B cells into antibody-producing cells. As with...

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The Pathological and Physiological Roles of IL-6 Amplifier Activation

The NFκB-triggered positive feedback loop for IL-6 signaling in type 1 collagen+ non-immune cells (IL-6 amplifier) was first discovered to be a synergistic signal that is activated following IL-17A...

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Role of IL-6 in Asthma and Other Inflammatory Pulmonary Diseases

The incidence and severity of chronic lung diseases is growing and affects between 100 and 150 million people worldwide and is associated with a significant rate of mortality. Unfortunately, the...

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Multiple Sodium Channel Variants in the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

Voltage-gated sodium channels are the target sites of both DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. The importance of alternative splicing as a key mechanism governing the structural and functional diversity...

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Collagen XXIV (Col24α1) Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation and...

Collagen XXIV (Col24α1) is a recently discovered fibrillar collagen. It is known that mouse Col24α1 is predominantly expressed in the forming skeleton of the mouse embryo, as well as in the trabecular...

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Characterization of a Chitin Synthase Encoding Gene and Effect of...

Chitin synthases are critical enzymes for synthesis of chitin and thus for subsequent growth and development in insects. We identified the cDNA of chitin synthase gene (CHS) in Aphis glycines, the...

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Stem Cell Transplantation Increases Antioxidant Effects in Diabetic Mice

Intra bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation (IBM- BMT) + thymus transplantation (TT) has been shown to reduce the incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and restore donor-derived T cell...

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Protective Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins against Liver Ischemic...

Background: Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication in liver surgery, and hepatic steatosis is a primary factor aggravating cellular injury during IRI. Both...

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Identification of Metastamirs as Metastasis-associated MicroRNAs in Clear...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in cancerogenesis and cancer progression, but their specific role in the metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) is still limited. Based on...

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Rhein Protects against Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders through Liver...

Liver X receptors (LXRs) play important roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, and lipid and energy metabolism. Therefore, LXR ligands could be used for the management of metabolic disorders. We...

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Regulation of the Src Family Kinases by Csk

The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Csk serves as an indispensable negative regulator of the Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) by specifically phosphorylating the negative regulatory site of SFKs,...

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TRAF Family Member-Associated NF-κB Activator (TANK) Induced by RANKL...

Osteoclasts are the principle bone-resorbing cells. Precise control of balanced osteoclast activity is indispensable for bone homeostasis. Osteoclast activation mediated by RANK-TRAF6 axis has been...

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Up-regulated miR-145 Expression Inhibits Porcine Preadipocytes...

Generally, most miRNAs that were up-regulated during differentiation promoted adipogenesis, but our research indicated that up-regulation of miR-145 in porcine preadipocytes did not promote but...

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Consideration in Selection of the Control Group in Diagnostic Tests

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Immunotherapies: The Blockade of Inhibitory Signals

T lymphocytes require signaling by the T cell receptor and by nonclonotypic cosignaling receptors. The costimulatory and inhibitory signals profoundly influence the course of immune responses by...

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Influence of Carbon Monoxide on Growth and Apoptosis of Human Umbilical...

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a vasoactive molecule that is generated by vascular cells as a byproduct of heme catabolism and it plays an important physiological role in circulation system. In order to...

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